ANSWER Cohort

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Predicting Rheumatoid Arthritis Progression from Seronegative Undifferentiated Arthritis Using Machine Learning: A Deep Learning Model Trained on the KURAMA Cohort and Externally Validated with the ANSWER Cohort
Fujii T, Murata K, Kohjitani H, Onishi A, Murakami K, Tanaka M, Yamamoto W, Nagai K, Yoshikawa A, Etani Y, Okita Y, Yoshida N, Amuro H, Okano T, Ueda Y, Okano T, Hara R, Hashimoto M, Morinobu A, Matsuda S
Arthritis Res Ther. 2025 Mar 26;27(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s13075-025-03541-8. Journal

Distinct impact of RF and ACPA titer on the effectiveness and persistency of biologics and JAK inhibitors: The ANSWER cohort study
Etani Y, Okita Y, Maeda Y, Tsujimoto K, Hirao M, Onishi A, Onizawa H, Okano T, Nishimura K, Yoshikawa A, Shiba H, Amuro H, Son Y, Hashimoto M, Okano T, Hara R, Yamamoto W, Tachibana S, Hayashi S, Noguchi T, Kumanogoh A, Okada S, Nakata K, Ebina K
Mod Rheumatol. 2025 Mar 19:roaf029. doi: 10.1093/mr/roaf029. Journal

Sustained Efficacy of Second-line JAK Inhibitors in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights from the ANSWER Cohort
Tsujimoto K, Ebina K, Okamura S, Okita Y, Etani Y, Yamamoto W, Onishi A, Onizawa H, Shirasugi I, Nakano N, Kotani T, Hiramatsu Y, Hashimoto M, Okano T, Nozaki Y, Ashida C, Son Y, Tanaka A, Hara R, Okada S, Kumanogoh A
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2025 Mar 20:keaf157. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaf157. Journal

Comparative effectiveness of subcutaneous sarilumab 200 mg biweekly, subcutaneous Tocilizumab 162 mg biweekly, and intravenous Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg every 4 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study
Onishi A, Tanaka M, Fujii T, Murata K, Murakami K, Hashimoto M, Watanabe R, Nozaki Y, Ashida C, Yamamoto W, Yamada H, Sendo S, Ebina K, Makino H, Son Y, Wada Y, Hata K, Matsuda S, Morinobu A
Arthritis Res Ther. 2025 Mar 7;27(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13075-025-03514-x. Journal

Comparison of retention of biologics in Japanese patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis-the ANSWER cohort study
Jinno S, Onishi A, Hattori S, Dubreuil M, Ueda Y, Nishimura K, Okano T, Yamada H, Yamamoto W, Murata K, Onizawa H, Ebina K, Maeda Y, Son Y, Amuro H, Hara R, Hata K, Shiba H, Katayama M, Watanabe R, Hashimoto M, Saegusa J
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2025 Feb 1;64(2):509-516. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae081. Journal

Comparative effects of biological and targeted synthetic DMARDs on incident chronic kidney disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Nishimura N, Onishi A, Yamamoto W, Nagai K, Shiba H, Okita Y, Son Y, Amuro H, Okano T, Ueda Y, Hara R, Katayama M, Yamada S, Hashimoto M, Maeda Y, Onizawa H, Fujii T, Murata K, Murakami K, Tanaka M, Matsuda S, Morinobu A.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024 Oct 30:keae603. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae603. Journal

Predictive factors and treatment outcomes associated with difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis conditions: the ANSWER cohort study
Watanabe R, Ebina K, Gon T, Okano T, Murata K, Murakami K, Maeda Y, Jinno S, Shirasugi I, Son Y, Amuro H, Katayama M, Hara R, Hata K, Yoshikawa A, Yamamoto W, Tachibana S, Hayashi S, Etani Y, Katsushima M, Fukumoto K, Yamada S, Hashimoto M.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024 May 9:keae265. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae265. Journal

Safety of Janus kinase inhibitors compared to biological DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and renal impairment: the ANSWER cohort study
Nakayama Y, Onishi A, Yamamoto W, Yoshikawa A, Shiba H, Yoshida N, Son Y, Shirasugi I, Maeda T, Katsushima M, Hashimoto M, Etani Y, Itami T, Nozaki Y, Onizawa H, Fujii T, Murakami K, Murata K, Tanaka M, Matsuda S, Morinobu A.
Clin Exp Med. 2024 May 10;24(1):97. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01360-w. Journal

Association of large joint involvement at the start of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors with disease activity and drug retention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The ANSWER cohort study
Shirasugi I, Onishi A, Nishimura K, Yamamoto W, Murakami K, Onizawa H, Maeda Y, Ebina K, Son Y, Amuro H, Katayama M, Hara R, Nagai K, Hiramatsu Y, Hashimoto M, Okano T, Maeda T, Hayashi S, Sendo S, Jinno S, Yamamoto Y, Yamada H, Ueda Y, Saegusa J.
International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases volume 27, Issue 3, March 2024. Journal

Comparison of the drug retention and reason for discontinuation between Janus kinase inhibitors and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in Japanese patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis-the ANSWER cohort study
Jinno S, Onishi A, Hattori S, Dubreuil M, Ueda Y, Nishimura K, Okano T, Yamada H, Yamamoto W, Murata K, Onizawa H, Ebina K, Maeda Y, Son Y, Amuro H, Hara R, Hata K, Shiba H, Katayama M, Hashimoto M, Watanabe R, Saegusa J.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024. Feb 6:keae081. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keae081. Journal

Trends of disease activity in Japanese patients over 75 years with rheumatoid arthritis from 2014 to 2021- the ANSWER cohort study.
Yamada H, Jinno S, Maeda T, Hayashi S, Yamamoto W, Onishi A, Onizawa H, Takeuchi T, Hiramatsu Y, Okita Y, Ebina K, Son Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe R, Hara R, Yamashita M, Nose Y, Yamamoto Y, Okano T, Nishimura K, Ueda Y, Sendo S, Hashimoto M, Kuroda R, Saegusa J.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 Oct 4:kead539. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead539. Journal

IL-6 inhibitors and JAK inhibitors as favourable treatment options for patients with anaemia and rheumatoid arthritis: ANSWER cohort study
Nakayama Y, Watanabe R, Yamamoto W, Ebina K, Hirano T, Kotani T, Shiba H, Katayama M, Son Y, Amuro H, Onishi A, Jinno S, Hara R, Murakami K, Murata K, Ito H, Tanaka M, Matsuda S, Morinobu A, Hashimoto M.
Rheumatology (Oxford), Volume 63, Issue 2, February 2024, Pages 349-357. Journal

Comparative effectiveness of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitor monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Onishi A, Yamada H, Yamamoto W, Watanabe R, Hara R, Katayama M, Okita Y, Maeda Y, Amuro H, Son Y, Yoshikawa A, Hata K, Hashimoto M, Saegusa J, Morinobu A.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 Nov 21:kead620. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead620. Journal

Real-world comparative study of the efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study
Hayashi S, Tachibana S, Maeda T, Yamashita M, Shirasugi I, Yamamoto Y, Yamada H, Okano T, Nishimura K, Ueda Y, Jinnno S, Saegusa J, Yamamoto W, Murata K, Fujii T, Hata K, Yoshikawa A, Ebina K, Etani Y, Yoshida N, Amuro H, Hashimoto M, Hara R, Katayama M, Okano T, Kuroda R.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 Nov 1:kead543. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead543. Journal

Drug retention of biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study
Ebina K, Etani Y, Maeda Y, Okita Y, Hirao M, Yamamoto W, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Hara R, Nagai K, Hiramatsu Y, Son Y, Amuro H, Fujii T, Okano T, Ueda Y, Katayama M, Okano T, Tachibana S, Hayashi S, Kumanogoh A, Okada S, Nakata K
RMD Open. 2023 Aug;9(3):e003160. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003160. Journal

Add-on effectiveness of methotrexate or iguratimod in patients with rheumatoid arthritis exhibiting an inadequate response to Janus kinase inhibitors: The ANSWER cohort study
Ebina K, Hirano T, Maeda Y, Okita Y, Etani Y, Hirao M, Yamamoto W, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Onishi A, Jinno S, Hara R, Son Y, Amuro H, Kotani T, Shiba H, Katayama M, Yamamoto K, Kumanogoh A, Okada S, Nakata K
Mod Rheumatol. 2023 Jul 4;33(4):690-699. doi: 10.1093/mr/roac092. Journal

Prognostic Factors Affecting Death in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Complicated by Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia and One-Year Clinical Course: The ANSWER Cohort Study
Shiba H, Kotani T, Nagai K, Hata K, Yamamoto W, Yoshikawa A, Wada Y, Hiramatsu Y, Makino H, Ueda Y, Onishi A, Murata K, Amuro H, Son Y, Hara R, Hirano T, Ebina K, Katayama M, Hashimoto M, Takeuchi T
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7399; doi: 10.3390/ijms24087399. Journal

Prognostic factors affecting respiratory-related death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by interstitial lung disease: An ANSWER cohort study
Makino H, Kotani T, Hata K, Nishioka D, Yamamoto W, Yoshikawa A, Wada Y, Hiramatsu Y, Shiba H, Nagai K, Katayama M, Son Y, Amuro H, Onishi A, Akashi K, Hara R, Hirano T, Hashimoto M, Takeuchi T
Mod Rheumatol. 2022 Sep 16;roac115. doi: 10.1093/mr/roac115. Journal

Add-on Effectiveness of Methotrexate or Iguratimod in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Exhibiting an Inadequate Response to Janus Kinase Inhibitors: The ANSWER Cohort Study
Ebina K, Hirano T, Maeda Y, Okita Y, Etani Y, Hirao M, Yamamoto W, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Onishi A, Jinno S, Hara R, Son Y, Amuro H, Kotani T, Shiba H, Katayama M, Yamamoto K, Kumanogoh A, Okada S, Nakata K
Mod Rheumatol. 2022 Aug 13;roac092. doi: 10.1093/mr/roac092. Journal

The real-world effectiveness of anti-RANKL antibody denosumab on the clinical fracture prevention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The ANSWER cohort study
Murata K, Uozumi R, Hashimoto M, Ebina K, Akashi K, Onishi A, Nagai K, Yoshikawa A, Katayama M, Son Y, Amuro H, Hara R, Yamamoto W, Watanabe R, Murakami K, Tanaka M, Ito H, Morinobu A, Matsuda S
Mod Rheumatol. 2022 Jul 1;32(4):834-838. doi: 10.1093/mr/roab043. Journal

Differential efficacy of TNF inhibitors with or without the immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion in rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study
Nakayama Y, Watanabe R, Murakami K, Murata K, Tanaka M, Ito H, Yamamoto W, Ebina K, Hata K, Hiramatsu Y, Katayama M, Son Y, Amuro H, Akashi K, Onishi A, Hara R, Yamamoto K, Ohmura K, Matsuda S, Morinobu A, Hashimoto M
Rheumatol Int. 2022 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-05086-w. Journal

Factors affecting drug retention of Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study
Ebina K, Hirano T, Maeda Y, Yamamoto W, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Onishi A, Jinno S, Hara R, Son Y, Amuro H, Takeuchi T, Yoshikawa A, Katayama M, Yamamoto K, Okita Y, Hirao M, Etani Y, Kumanogoh A, Okada S, Nakata K
Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):134. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04075-0. Journal

Favorable clinical response and drug retention of anti-IL-6 receptor inhibitor in rheumatoid arthritis with high CRP levels: the ANSWER cohort study
Nakayama Y, Hashimoto M, Watanabe R, Murakami K, Murata K, Tanaka M, Ito H, Yamamoto W, Ebina K, Hata K, Hiramatsu Y, Katayama M, Son Y, Amuro H, Akashi K, Onishi A, Hara R, Yamamoto K, Ohmura K, Matsuda S, Morinobu A
Scand J Rheumatol. 2021 Sep 13;1-10. doi: 10.1080/03009742.2021.1947005. Journal

Drug efficacy and safety of biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Kosuke Ebina
Modern Rheumatology, roab003, https://doi.org/10.1093/mr/roab003, 04 September 2021. Journal

Comparison of efficacy between anti-IL-6 receptor antibody and other biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have knee joint involvement: the ANSWER cohort, retrospective study
Maeda Y, Hirano T, Ebina K, Hara R, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Murakami K, Kotani T, Hata K, Son Y, Amuro H, Onishi A, Jinno S, Katayama M, Kumanogoh A
Rheumatol Int. 2021 Jul;41(7):1233-1241. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04862-y. Epub 2021 Apr 26. Pubmed

Drug retention of sarilumab, baricitinib, and tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study.
Ebina K, Hirano T, Maeda Y, Yamamoto W, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Onishi A, Jinno S, Hara R, Son Y, Amuro H, Takeuchi T, Yoshikawa A, Katayama M, Yamamoto K, Hirao M, Okita Y, Kumanogoh A, Nakata K.
Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Jul;40(7):2673-2680. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05609-7. Pubmed

Comparison of the drug retention and reasons for discontinuation of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin-6 inhibitors in Japanese patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis-the ANSWER cohort study.
Jinno S, Onishi A, Dubreuil M, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Murata K, Takeuchi T, Kotani T, Maeda Y, Ebina K, Son Y, Amuro H, Hara R, Katayama M, Saegusa J.
Arthritis Res Ther. 2021 Apr 15;23(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s13075-021-02496-w. Pubmed

The association of disease activity and estimated GFR in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the ANSWER Study.
Onishi A, Akashi K, Yamamoto W, Ebina K, Murata K, Hara R, Katayama M, Nagai K, Hirano T, Amuro H, Son Y, Yamamoto K, Hashimoto M, Morinobu A
Am J Kidney Dis. 2021 May 10;S0272-6386(21)00577-1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.02.338. Pubmed

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of biologic agents between elderly-onset and young-onset RA patients: the ANSWER cohort study
Jinno S, Onishi A, Dubreuil M, Akashi K, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Murata K, Takeuchi T, Kotani T, Maeda Y, Ebina K, Son Y, Amuro H, Hara R, Katayama M, Saegusa J, Morinobu A.
Rheumatol Int. 2020 Dec;40(12):1987-1995. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04660-y. Pubmed

Drug retention of 7 biologics and tofacitinib in biologics-naïve and biologics-switched patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study.
Ebina K, Hirano T, Maeda Y, Yamamoto W, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Takeuchi T, Shiba H, Son Y, Amuro H, Onishi A, Akashi K, Hara R, Katayama M, Yamamoto K, Kumanogoh A, Hirao M.
Arthritis Res Ther. 2020 Jun 15;22(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02232-w. Pubmed

Drug retention of secondary biologics or JAK inhibitors after tocilizumab or abatacept failure as first biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis -the ANSWER cohort study.
Ebina K, Hirano T, Maeda Y, Yamamoto W, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Takeuchi T, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Onishi A, Jinno S, Hara R, Katayama M, Yamamoto K, Kumanogoh A, Hirao M.
Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Mar 11. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05015-5. Pubmed

The family history of rheumatoid arthritis in anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody-positive patient is not a predictor of poor clinical presentation and treatment response with modern classification criteria and treatment strategy: the ANSWER cohort study.
Murata K, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Son Y, Amuro H, Nagai K, Takeuchi T, Katayama M, Maeda Y, Ebina K, Hara R, Jinno S, Onishi A, Murakami K, Tanaka M, Ito H, Mimori T, Matsuda S.
Rheumatol Int. 2020 Feb;40(2):217-225. doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04464-9. Epub 2019 Oct 16. Pubmed

Clinical Course of Amyloid A Amyloidosis Secondary to Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Anti-Rheumatic Drugs Including Biologic Agent: Case Series in Answer Cohort.
Hirano T, Maeda Y, Ebina K, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Hara R, Hashimoto M, Kumanogoh A.
Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports 3 (2019): 508-517. Journal Link

Drug tolerability and reasons for discontinuation of seven biologics in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis -The ANSWER cohort study.
Ebina K, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Hirano T, Hara R, Katayama M, Onishi A, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Yamamoto K, Maeda Y, Murata K, Jinno S, Takeuchi T, Hirao M, Kumanogoh A, Yoshikawa H.
PLoS One. 2019 May 8;14(5):e0216624. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216624. eCollection 2019. Journal Link Pubmed

Drug tolerability and reasons for discontinuation of seven biologics in 4466 treatment courses of rheumatoid arthritis-the ANSWER cohort study.
Ebina K, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Hirano T, Hara R, Katayama M, Onishi A, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Yamamoto K, Maeda Y, Murata K, Jinno S, Takeuchi T, Hirao M, Kumanogoh A, Yoshikawa H.
Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Apr 11;21(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1880-4. Erratum in: Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 May 6;21(1):114. Jounal Link Pubmed

Factors associated with the achievement of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-free remission in rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study.
Hashimoto M, Furu M, Yamamoto W, Fujimura T, Hara R, Katayama M, Ohnishi A, Akashi K, Yoshida S, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Hirano T, Ebina K, Uozumi R, Ito H, Tanaka M, Ohmura K, Fujii T, Mimori T.
Arthritis Res Ther. 2018 Aug 3;20(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s13075-018-1673-1. Journal Link Pubmed

Drug retention and discontinuation reasons between seven biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis -The ANSWER cohort study.
Ebina K, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto W, Ohnishi A, Kabata D, Hirano T, Hara R, Katayama M, Yoshida S, Nagai K, Son Y, Amuro H, Akashi K, Fujimura T, Hirao M, Yamamoto K, Shintani A, Kumanogoh A, Yoshikawa H.
PLoS One. 2018 Mar 15;13(3):e0194130. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194130. eCollection 2018. Journal Link Pubmed